Controls
Source network
12.0 V
An ideal voltage source: zero internal impedance, holds its voltage no matter what current flows.
1.00 kΩ
Log 1 Ω – 100 kΩ. Sits between $V_1$ and node A.
1.00 kΩ
Log 1 Ω – 100 kΩ. From node A to ground. With $R_1$ this is the classic divider.
0.00 mA
An ideal current source: infinite internal impedance, pushes its current no matter what voltage develops. A second independent source, so superposition applies.
100 Ω
Log 0.1 Ω – 100 kΩ. From node A to the output terminal a.
Reactive element
none
None · pure R
C shunt at a
L in series
Turns $R_\text{th}$ into $Z_\text{th}(j\omega)$ — a complex, frequency-dependent impedance.
10.0 nF
Log 100 pF – 100 µF. Shunts the terminal to ground — stray cable capacitance, a deliberate filter cap, a scope probe tip.
1.00 mH
Log 1 µH – 1 H. In series with $R_3$ — a choke, transformer leakage, or just wiring inductance.
1.00 kHz
Log 1 Hz – 10 MHz. At DC the reactive parts vanish and $Z_\text{th}\to R_\text{th}$.
Load
1.00 kΩ
Log 0.1 Ω – 1 MΩ, then open circuit at the far right end.
Analysis mode
both
Both
V1 only
I2 only
Superposition: solve with one source at a time, then add. The two partial answers must sum to the full one.
off
V → short, I → open
The dead-network view. What is left between the terminals is $Z_\text{th}$.
on
draw the Thévenin box beside it
Thévenin
show the current-source dual
Same network, dual description: $I_N=V_\text{th}/Z_\text{th}$, $Z_N=Z_\text{th}$.
Analysis
Terminal V–I characteristic · source line (orange) · load line (green) · operating point
Load power vs $R_L$ · peak at $R_L=R_\text{th}$
$|Z_\text{th}|$ and terminal gain vs frequency
Terminal waveform · unloaded $V_\text{th}$ (dashed) vs loaded $V_L$ (solid)
$V_\text{th}=V_{oc}$
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$Z_\text{th}$
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$I_{sc}=I_N$
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$\angle Z_\text{th}$
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Load voltage $V_L$
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Load current $I_L$
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Load power $P_L$
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Efficiency
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Droop vs open
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Damping factor
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